of cleveland



July 17; 1928.

J. A. OLSON PISTON AND PACKING Original Filed Feb. 4. 1922 NIL/4 l 22 QI EVVENZOR A TORNEYb h following:

device Reissued July 17, 1928.

l UNITED STATES JOHN A. OLSON, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE 8-? MANUFACTURING COH- PANY; OI CLEVELAND, OHIO a CORPORATION 01 01110.

' rIs'roN AND PACKING.

Original No. 1,544,675, dated an 7, 1925, Serial No. 534,100, filed February 4, 1922,

I reissue filed April 15, 1927. Serial No. 184,106.

My invention relates to fluid pressure op: erating devices making use of pistons, and relates to such devices,which are adapted for operating chucks'and machine vises. My 1nvention also relates to means for preventing leakage between the piston and the cylinder of a fluid pressure operated device Among the Objects of my invention are the To provide anew and improved'form of operating device for operating-chucks and machine vises and the like, or any other me hanism, ordinarily operated by a device of the character hereindescribed; e To provide a new form of piston for said device; I

' 'To provide anew To provide an endless sel'f sustaining ring having automatic fluid sealing-engagement r with the wallsof an annular groove and being freely movable therein; J To provide-novel means for holding, the packing in position; a a

To provide an arrangement-for holding the packing in its seat in place on the piston securely;

To provide means whereby the'packing" may be pressed against the cylinder by the cylinder pressure"; I a v To provide in a device where the packing is held in placefby the cylinder pressure, a single packing ring;

To provide other details of improvement To accomplish the foregoing and other useful ends, my invention comprlsesmeans' formef packing for said Application for chucks, but in these devices of the prior art, the packing has been held in position by spring means, pressing from the rear, that is, pressing the packing in a radial direction with respect to the piston, and thereby maintaining the packing against the cylinders to avoid leakage as much as possible. There were several objections to this construction, among these objections are the uneven distribution of the 7 pressure from the rear, which pressure would be greater in one region, to-wit the region immediately above the spring, than in the region between the springs. .Another objection to this arrangement, is that the pressure that maintains the packing against the cylinder, is constant, Whereas in my invention, the pressure-behind the packing increases, with the cylinder pressure, and, furthermore, is uniformly diS- tributed throughoutjthe whole rear section "'In operating devicesdfthe character herein contemplated, the cylinder pressure used isquite high, and is subject to variation, and,

heretofore it has been difficult to hold the air prevent-leakage. It will be understood that the maintenance of the cylinder pressure isveryimpor tant,inasjmuch as this operating device, while designed for use in connection withany suitableinstrumentality,

is 'particularb adapted for use in" connection upon the maintenance of the: cylinder pressure. Furthermore, the question ofecono'my which do not leak, than 'those in which it hereinafter more fully set forth and claimed. is diilicult to maintain the requisite eylinder pressure. ,One of the obgects of thissinveng Referring to the accompanying of drawings:

tion is to providemeans for insu'ring j'a-ga'inst Fi 1 i a sectionalview f my impr ved the loss of cylinder pressure due. to leakage.

Referrlngqnore in detail tothedraWings tion corresponds to the section of the-piston shown in the lower part of Fig.-v v1.

Fig. 3 is anvenlarged detail showing the valve interposed between the passageway shown in Fig.2, and the rear of thepacking. 'He'retofore, pneumatically operated pis tons, have been provided for operating lathe which show onepractical embodiment of my lnvention, the operating [device comprises a cylinder 2, within which a disc-like member or piston 3, is designed to operate in a reciprocal manner. This piston is provided with a peripheral groove 4, more clearly shown in Fig. 2. The sides 5, of the groove,

may, if desired, be constructed parallelas shown, a portion of the way down, and then the cavitv isbroadened near the foot of the groove and the annular recesses 6 may be as I with 'ehucksand vises,"of the kindwvherein i the grip'of. the chuck or vise, is deper dent',=

members are freely movable in the groove' l.

The ring 9 is preferably made from a flat sheet of rubber by forming it into a circle.

of desired size and securing the ends together. Then the sides are folded in so that the ring is substantially horse-shoe shaped in cross section, and is inserted into the groove 4. The sides press outwardly against and conform to the configuration of the sides of the groove while the part of the ring intermediate the side edges retains its transverse curvature. Ring 9 is preferably of such size that the side edges normally seat.tightly against the side and bottom walls and fill recesses 6. After ring 9 is in place in groove 4, member 10 is placed in the groove in contact with ring 9. If it is not an endless member its ends usually overlap as is customary with piston rings for internal combustion engine pistons. \Vhen a piston thus equipped with members 9 and 10 is inserted in a cylinder, as cylinder 2, member 10 is forced down into the groove 4 against ring 9and flattens'out the curved transverse wall portion thereof into substantially the form shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing,'a-nd' forces the edges of ring 9 more firmly against the sides of the groove and into recesses 6. It will be seen, byreferring to Fig. 1, that between the channel 4, and the front and rear faces of'the piston, I provide ducts through which the cylinder pressure is conveyed to the rear of the trans verse wall of the ring. One of these ducts, 11, the one that opens on the right-hand surface of the piston, is shown .enlarged in Fig.2. It is also shown in Figs. 1 and 3.

When fluid under pressure is admitted into the groove tlthrough ducts 11 or 12 it at once presses against the inside of ring 9, forcing the sides more tightly against and into fluid sealing contact with the walls of groove 4. It is essential that no 'fluid be permitted to get in between the ring 9 and the walls of groove 4 at this stage of the in-. 'flation for otherwise 'the sides of the ring will not engage with the wallsof groove 4 closely enough to retain the fluid pressure in the grooveand one means of insuring this is the recesses 6 in which the edges of ring 9 normally seat in fluid sealing contact. ressure is increased the transverse flattene wall of ring 9 is restored to its originally curved form with coincident outward movement of member 10.. When the ring 9 has reached its original size and shape further admission of fluid under pressure causes movement of'the ring bodily outwardly in the groove as far as'the member 10 permits. After member 10 becomes worn the ring 9 may travel as much as an eighth of an inch or more in the groove.

turns to its normal position in groove 4 with the side edges seating in recesses 6.

a resilient member which sustains itself in contact with the walls of a groove, which is freely movable within the groove to compensate for wear on a packing member and which operates'automatically in conjunction with the walls of the groove to retain fluid under pressure therein under varying conditions of pressure or wear of parts associated therewith.

Referring to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the cylinder pressure to the right of the piston, 3, passes in through the duct 11, to the channel,,4. In the upper part of Fig. 1, I show the other duct, 12, that extends from the left-hand surface, of the' piston to the groove 4. Although I have shown only one duct connecting from each surface of the piston to the packing groove, it will be understood that I may provide in connection with these ducts, suitable valves, 13. These valves may be made of an elastic strip, 14, which extends over the mouth of the .duct', the ends of which are secured in place by suitable screws, 15, as shown. The inner terminal of-the duct serves as a' seat for the valve member, 16, which valve member is suitably secured'to the strip, 13. It will be seen, therefore, that the medium that produces the cylinder pressure, passes in through the duct, 11, raises the member, 16, stretching.-

ciated with the duct, 11, of course, occurs I i when the cylinder pressure is on the righthand'ofthe piston; When the piston is to be reversed, the cylinder pressure to the right of the piston; of course, disappears, nevertheless the' valves maintain the pressure behind the packing, andwhen the c linder pressure is applied at the left 0 the iston, this ressure is also communicated y-way of e duct, 12, to the rear, of'the packing in the event of any leakage by way of the duct, 11.

It will be seen that the piston is secured to the shaft, 17. This shaft is provided with the hearings in the right-hand head of the cylinder, and also,with the bearings in the It'will thus be seen that I have provided- When the pressure is released, ring 9 releft-hand llt'ld/pf the cylinder. Around the a circumferential groove,

. seen that pneum at the terminal Sure will be transmitted by groove,

right-hand bearings, I provlde a suitable gland having packing, 18. Likewise about the left-hand bearings,1 also provide a bland having packing, 19. It will beseen that the left section of the shaft, 19, reciprocates within an auxiliary bearing member, 20.

This member 20, is provided with a duct, 21,

that terminates in an orifice, 22. Arranged over this orifice, I provide a ring, 23, having 24, located in juxtaposition to the orifice '22. This ring is provided with an outlet terminal 25, having a duct 26, connecting with the groove, 24. With this arrangement, therefore, it will be atic pressure maybe applied of the duct, 26, which pres 21, to the-cavity, 27, in the bearing member, 20, and thence through the duct, '28, in the shaft 17, to' the front igrt of thepiston by way of the orifice, 29. ment, pneumatic pressure may be applied to the duct, 30, and the'nce through a circumferential groove'in the member, 31, to the duct, 32, and hence, by way of the circumferential 33 and'duct, 34, to the left-hand cylinder space. It will be observed, that the shaft, 17, maybe extended by means of extension rods, such as the extension vrod, 35. As. show n in Fig. 1, the whole device is mounted on the tube, 36, which may be in this instance a spindle of a lathe.

Having thus described my invention so that those skilled in the art. may practice the same, what I desire to secure Letters Patent is defined by w ing understood that'I have illustratedand described one embodiment/of vmy invention herein in some detail only for purposes of illustration... v

lVhat I claim as my invention is:

1. The combination, with a piston provided with an annular peripheral groove, the inner portion of the side walls of which diverge toward the base, of a resilient packing ring seated within and enclosing the recess in said piston, said ring including, a

- transverse wall having sidesdepending-therewith an annular from adapted to head side of therecess, packing material encircling said ring, and means for directing fluid'under pressure into the portion of the groove in said piston enclosed by said packing ring, and a closure member secured within the groove in said piston by an elastic strip for trapping compressed fluid within the recess in said piston.

2. The combination with a piston provided peripheral groove the inner portion of theside walls of which diverge to-. ,Ward the base, of a resilient packing ring seated within and enclosing the recess in said piston, 'd ring including a transverse wall sa1 'des depending therefrom adapted acent the diverging having s1 way of the duct,

y a s milar arrangehat is claimed, it beto lie adjacent the diverging sides of the re-' cess, packing material encircling said ring, and means for directing fluid under pressure into the portion of the groove in said piston enclosed by said acking ring, and a resiliently operated c os'ure memberwithin the said groove for trapping fluid under pressure within the said recess.

3. The combination with a piston'provided with an annular inwardly enlarged peripheral groove having a bottom wall and annular recesses therein, and means for conducting fiuid'under pressure through the piston into the bottom wall of the groove between the said recesses, of an endless resilient, annular member movably mounted in the said groove and a wear resisting packing member in the groove andfencircling the said mem- ,ber, the said resilient member comprising a transverse wall'extending across the groove and self sustaining inwardly diverging side walls normally seating in the said annular recesses and having fluid sealing contact -with the recesses and' 'side walls of the said groove for retaining fluid under pressure in the groove.

4. The combination with a piston pro vided witlran annular,peripheral groove having a bottom wall with annular recesses therein, and means for conducting fluid un- 5 der pressure through the piston into the groove between the said recesses, of an endless rubber annular member movably mount- 1 ed in the said groove and a wear resisting packing member in the groove and encircling the said rubber member, the sand rubber prising a disc like member having an in- Y teriorly enlarged annular groove'in the peripheral wall thereof, the groove being formed by a bottom wall and side walls diverging adjacent to the bottom wall, the

bottom-wall having annular recesses adjacent the said side walls, passages for conducting fluklun'tler'pressure through the said disc like member from either side through the bottom wall of the groove, an annular, self sustainirig resilient member freely movable in the groove and having fluid sealing contact in the said recesses and with the side walls of the groove, an annular packing member in the groove, seating'on the resilient member and a resiliently operated closure in each of the said passages for trapping fluid under pressure in the said groove.

6. A fluid pressure operated piston com-- prising an end wall and an annular side wall provided with an annular groove, an

ng' fluid sealing contact 105 endless, elastic, resilient member in the groove highly resistant to distortion freely movable bodily in the said groove and forming a cross wall therein, the said .member being initially of greater width than the groove andsub'stantially an elongated rec- 1 outwardly, a resilient,

tangle in cross section and havingits edge portions distorted inwardly when positioned in the groove whereby automatically press outwardly into intimate contact 'with the sidesof, the said groove, and a wear ring in the said groove engaging the walls of a cylinder in which the is to reciprocate and being pressed by the cylinder walls against and flattening the portion of the said memberwith which it engages and increasing the pressure of the edge portions of the said member against the side walls of the groove.

7. A fluid ressure operated piston comprising an en wall and an annular side wall provided with an annular groove, an endless, elastic, resilient member in the groove highly resistant to distortion freely movable bodily in the said groove and forming a cross wall therein, the said member being initially of greater width than the groove and substantially an elongated rectangle in cross section and having its edge portions distorted inwardly when positioned in the groove whereby the said edge portions automatically press outwardly into intimate contact with the sides of the said groove, and a wear ring in the said groove engaging the walls of a cylinder in which the piston is to reciprocate and being pressed by the cylinder walls against and flattening the portion of the said member with WhlCh it engages-and increasing the pressure of the edge portions against the side walls of the groove and pressing-the edges of the member against the bottom wall of the groove.

8. A fluid pressure operated piston hav ing an end wall and an annular side wall provided with an annular groove opening endless, elastic member forming a cross wall in the groove and engaging the side walls thereof with its ope-n side toward the bottom wall of the groove, and a wear ring in the groo'veengaging the exterior of the said member, the said member being bodily movable in the groove and-of such diameter that the inner edges thereof normally tend to seat with subst-antlallyfluid sealing contact on the. bottom wall of the groove, and to retain such contact with the bottom wall during a considerable portion of the outward movement of the wear 'ringby the said member.

9. A fluid-pressure operated ,piston hav- Y ing an end wall and an annular sidewall provided with an annular groove opening outwardly and having a bottom wall contalmng annular, marginal recesses, a resillent, endless, elastic member in the groove the said edge portions outwardly, piston erally U shaped in movable in the groove and of such diameter that the inner edges thereof normally tend to seat with substantially fluid sealing contact'in the recesses in the bottom wall of the groove, and a wear ring in the groove engaging the exterior of the said member.

1.0..A fluid-pressureoperated piston having an-end wall and provided with an annular groove opening a resilient; endless, elastic member with its open side toward'the bottom wall of the groove, and a wear ring in the groove engaging the exterior of the said member, the said member being bodily mov able in the groove and of such diameter that the inner edges thereof tend to seat with substantially fluid sealing contact on the bottom wall of the groove with coincident substantially fluid sealing engagement of the sides with the side walls of the groove normally and during a considerable portion of the outward movement of the ring in the groove by the said member.

11. A fluid-pressure operated piston having an end wall and an annular sidewall provided with a groove opening outwardly, a resilient, endless, elastic member normally a substantial rectangular in cross section assembled in the groove in distorted form gencross section with the open side, facing the bottom wall of the groove and the sides engaging with and be ing held in distorted form by the side walls an annular side wall of the groove, the said member being bodily movable in the groove, a wear ring in the groove engageable with a cylinder wall "in which the piston is to reciprocate and with the outer side of the said member, and means for admitting fluid under pressure into the groove for forcing the member outwardly against the groove.

12. A fluid-pressure operated piston having an end wall and an annular side wall provided with agroove openin outwardl a resilient, endless, elastic member normal y a substantial rectangle in cross section assembled inthe groove in distorted form so as to be generally U shaped in cross section with the open side facing the bottom wall of the groove and the sides engaging the side walls of the groove, the said member being bodily movab'le'in the groove, a wear ring in the groove engageable with a cylinder wall in which the piston is to reciprocate and adapted at such ring and the side walls of the time to distort the portion of said .member engaged by it and press the side ing an end wall and an annular side wall provided with a groove opening outwardly, a; resllient, endless, elastic member normally a substantial rectangle incrpss section asscmbled in the groove'in distorted form so as tobe generally U' shaped. in cross section with the open side facing the bottom wall of the groove and the sides engaging and be ing held in distorted form by the side walls of thegroove, the said member being bodily movable in the groove, a wear-ring in the groove engageable with a cylinder wall in which the piston is to reciprocate and with the outer sideof the said member and adapted at such time to distort the portion of said member engaged by 'it and press the side walls of the member against the side walls of the groove. a 14. A fluid-pressure operated piston having an end wall and an, annular side wall provided with a groove opening outwardly, a resilient endless, elastic member normally a substantial rectangle in cross section assembled in the groove in distorted form so as to be generally U'shaped in cross section with the open sidefacing thebottomwall of the I groove and the sides engag'ing'the side walls of the groove, the saidmember being bodily movable in the groove, a wear ring in the groove engageable' with a'cylinderwall in which'thepiston is to reciprocateand adapted at such time to distort the portion of said member engaged by it. and press'the side walls thereof against the sidewalls of the groove, and means for admitting fluid under pressure into the groove for forcing themember outwardly in the groove, against the ring and theside walls of'the groove.

15. A fluid pressure operated piston 'hav-.

ing an end wall and an, annular side wall providedwith a groove opening outwardly,

' a resilient, endless, elastic member normally a substantial rectangle in cross section assembledin the groove in distorted form so as to be generally wshaped in cross section with the openside facing the bottom wall of the groove and the sides enga ing and being held in distorted form by t e side walls of "the groove,'the said member being bodily movable in the groove, a wear ring in the groove 'en'gageable with 'a cylinder wall in which the piston is to reciprocate and with c the outer side of the said member and adapt- .ed at such time to distort the portion of said member engaged by it and press the side walls of the member against the side walls of the groove, and the edges of the side walls of themember against the bottom wall of the groove. M

16. A fl' id-pressure operated piston having anend wall'and an annular side wall provided with a groove opening outwardly, a resilient, endless, elastic member normally asubstantial rectangle in cross section assembled in the groove in distorted form so as 'to be'generally- U shaped in cross' section with the *open Side facing the bottom wall of the groove and the sides engaging the side walls of the groove, the said member being bodily movable in the groove, a wear ring in the groove engageable with a cylinder wall in which the piston is to'reciprocate and adapted at such time to distort the portion of said member engaged by it and press the side.

walls thereof against the side walls of the groove, and the edges of the side walls of the member against the, bottom wall of the groove, and means for admitting fluid under pressure into the groove for forcing the member outwardly in the groove against the ring and the side walls of the groove.

17. A fluid pressure-operated device coinprising a cylinder, a ,pistonreciprocable therein, the piston having an annular groove opening outwardly and a passage for leading fluid from one side of. the piston intothe groove, controllable means for admitting fluid under substantially the same pressure into the cylinder on one side of the piston and into said passage, and an endless, elastic -member having substantially fluid tight contact with the walls of the groove and pressing wear means positionedon the exteriorthereof into substantially fluid tight contact with the cylinder wall, whereby, when fluid un'dersuch pressure is admitted to the cylinde'r and passage, the piston may be moved thereby to and maintained under load in a fixed position in the cylinder for an appreciable period of time. 1

-18. A fluid-operated device comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, means for admitting fluid under pressure into the cylinder on one side of the piston, and means carried by the piston for preventing escape of such fluid past the piston, the said means including an annular groove in the side wall of the piston opening outwardly, an endless,

resilient, elastic member normally engaging the side and bottom walls of the groove, a Wvear ring in the groove engaging the outer 'side of the said member and being pressed by the latter into substantially fluid tight contact with the wall of the cylinder, and means for admitting fluid under pressure from the cylinder into the said groove between the bottom wall thereof'and the said member, for

1 forcin the member and ring outwardly.

I 19. K fluid-pressure operated piston having an. end wall and an annular side wall provided with an annular groove opening outwardly, a resilient, endless, elastic member forming a cross wall in the groove and engaging the side walls thereof with its open side toward the bottom wall of the groove, and awear ring in the groove engaging the exterior of the said member, the said member being adapted to move the wear ring radially outward in the groove a considerable portion of the full permissible travel of the ring while maintaining substantially fluid sealing contact of the member on the bottom wall of the groove and thereafter being bodily movable in the -groove under fluid pressure admitted into thegroove within the member.

20. A fluid-pressure operated piston-hav- 'ing an end w all and an annular side wall provided with an annular groove opening outwardly, a resilient, endless, elastic member forming ajcross wall in the groove and engaging the side walls thereo with 1ts open side toward the bottom wall of the groove, and awear ring in the groove engag ng the exterior of the said member, the'said'member being adapted tornovethe-Wear' rin radially outward in thegroove a considerable portion of the "full permissible travel of the ring while maintaining contact of the memher on the bottom wall of the groove and thereafter being bodily movable in the groove under fluid pressure admitted into the groove within the member. a

21-. A-fluid pressure operated piston comin the groove engaging the exterior of the said member, the member being bodily movable in the groove and oapa'ble of moving the ring outwardly against acylinder wall while its side edges remain seated on the bottom wall of the groove. r 22. A fluid pressure operated device comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, the piston having an annular groove opening outwardly and passages f or leading fluid from opposite sides of the piston into. the groove, controllable means for admitting fluid under substantially the same pressure into the cylinder on one side of the piston and into one of said passages, and an endless, elastic member having substantially fluid tight contact with the walls of the groove and pressing wear means positioned on the exterior thereof into, substantially fluid tight contact'with the cylinder wall, whereby, when fluid under such pressure is admitted to the-cylinder, the piston may be moved thereby to and maintained under load in a fixed position in the cylinder for an appreciable period of time.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature this 12th 'day of April, 1927 JOHN A. oLson 

